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(pragmatism, altruism).
of humankind s best thinkers, but you will no doubt see
44. It is a(n) (antithesis, tenet) that followers of the words from this chapter in the text, as well as many
the faith often have difficulty with. others that you may not recognize. Find ten new words
that you do not know the definitions of, and look up
45. I don t know what to make of it; it sure seems
those words in the dictionary. Then practice using each
like a (paradox, paradigm) to me.
word in a sentence.
Use an Internet search engine and look up some
46. Have you ever heard such a (banal, semantic)
of the words from this chapter. Does the search engine
expression? I am just so tired of hearing that
have links for the word? Go to a few of those websites
over and over again.
and see why they used that word. Is the word part of the
47. If you really analyze the first premise of that
name of the website, or is it just used in the text of the
(abstraction, syllogism), you will see that the
site. See how many words you can find from this list.
conclusion cannot possibly be valid.
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 VOCABULARY LIST 15: PHILOSOPHICAL TERMS
Answers
Words in Context
4. tautology. If you got this question wrong, refer
The reader can understand that the narrator s former
back to the word s definition.
teacher s optimistic belief in a utopia is a belief in a bet- 5. paradox. If you got this question wrong, refer back
ter world that lies somewhere in the future. One gets the
to the word s definition.
sense that this place must be almost like a paradise
6. antithesis. If you got this question wrong, refer
where, finally, no one would need the kind of help the
back to the word s definition.
teacher always gives. Thus, we can understand from the
7. utopia. If you got this question wrong, refer back
context of the passage that altruism must be an
to the word s definition.
admirable quality that means an unselfish concern for
8. pragmatism. If you got this question wrong, refer
others, which would explain the teacher s commitment
back to the word s definition.
to doing all he can for others and living a life of public
9. ideology. If you got this question wrong, you may
service. We can conclude that an abstraction is a theo-
have mistakenly chosen dogma, a close synonym
retical idea, but that the professor does not consider
of ideology. However, dogma implies a belief sys-
altruism to be just a word one only discusses in a phi-
tem that is more strictly adhered to, and the con-
losophy class and does not practice. The narrator
text of this sentence indicates that the belief system
explains the teacher s tenet is that one must always
was only loosely adhered to.
strive to do more for others, so we can conclude that
10. altruism. If you got this question wrong, refer back
tenet means an opinion or belief of a person, religion,
to the word s definition.
or school of thought. Since the teacher s pragmatism
11. syllogism. If you got this question wrong, you may
keeps him grounded and focused on practical efforts to
have mistakenly chosen logic. It is true that logic
help others, we should know that pragmatism is a way
is being used in the reasoning of the example but
of thinking that emphasizes being realistic and useful.
in the unique form of a syllogism. It also would be
The teacher s choice to celebrate and throw parties is
inappropriate to use logic in the blank because
defended as not being selfish hedonism, so we can
the next phrase asks if the piece of reasoning pre-
assume that hedonism means a pleasure-seeking
sented is logical, and thus, it would be somewhat
lifestyle or philosophy. Finally, since the narrator states
repetitive to use logic.
that he understands his teacher s unique ideology bet- 12. tenet. If you got this question wrong, you may
ter after the celebrations, we can guess that ideology
have mistakenly chosen dogma or ideology. Since
means those beliefs, opinions, or doctrines that he
tenet refers to a specific belief, and dogma and
adheres to.
ideology refer to an entire set of beliefs, tenet
would be the best answer because this example
Sentence Completion
only presents one specific belief.
1. paradigm. If you got this question wrong, refer
13. hedonism. If you got this question wrong, refer
back to the word s definition.
back to the word s definition.
2. empiric. If you got this question wrong, refer back
14. erudite. If you got this question wrong, refer back
to the word s definition.
to the word s definition.
3. dichotomy. If you got this question wrong, refer
15. logic. If you got this question wrong, refer back to
back to the word s definition.
the word s definition.
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 VOCABULARY LIST 15: PHILOSOPHICAL TERMS
16. semantic. If you got this question wrong, refer is a bias against something or a preconcep-
back to the word s definition. tion prior to meeting or experiencing it, so it
17. dogma. Here, again, you may have chosen the is not a synonym.
closely related terms ideology or tenet. Tenet refers 25. c. solitude. Hedonism is the belief that pleasure [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]