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were compelled to take other men, Most of these men are living today. Ed.
54. The women and children and the very old, were deprived of all the able-bodied men for six months,
over a hard winter. They built little dugouts in the sand, and brush shelters as best they could. All their men
were taken away and sent either to prison or to Carlysle Indian School. It is unbelievable that the
Government authorities could be so cruel. Ed.
55. The actual location of Palotquopi is extremely uncertain. The legend has been attached to Casa Grande
and the ruins of the Salt and Gila valleys, and later has even been located in Mexico. Ed.
56. This same theme occurs often in Hopi literature and is used to account for the beginning of trouble in a
pueblo. Ed.
57. See Note 4.
58. See Note 31.
59. To the Hopi all life is one--it is the same. This world where he lives is the human world and in it all the
animals, birds, insects, and every living creature, as well as the trees and plants which also have life, appear
only in masquerade, or in the forms in which we
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ordinarily see them. But it is said that all these creatures and these living things that share the spark of life
with us humans, surely have other homes where they live in human forms like ourselves. Therefore, all
these living things are thought of as human and they may sometimes be seen in their own forms even on
earth. If they are killed, then the soul of this creature may return to its own world which it may never leave
again, but the descendants of this creature will take its place in the human world, generation after
generation.
The Hopi hunter always prepares pahos, or prayer offerings, for the particular kind of game animal he is
going to hunt, or for the plant clan for which he is searching. He prays, begging the animal or plant to
forgive him, and explains that it is only his necessity that causes him to ask the creature to sacrifice his
animal life to the Hopi. Jim Kewanwytewa.
60. In Hopi literature the "ghost" figures prominently. They usually come bringing warning of some
impending catastrophe. The Ghost people must return each morning to their home in the underworld (now
thought of as the Grand Canyon.) Ed.
61. See Note 7.
62. The Hopi say that the Spider Woman would always make a paho that would be a little different from
those made by others, therefore, she used the sumac branch. From then on pahos made for the dead are of
sumac or the paho feather may be tied to a sumac bush. E.N.
63. A Hopi digging stick is a stick about a yard long and two inches in circumference, flattened and pointed
at one end. It is used for planting, to make the holes in the earth in which the seeds are deposited. Ed.
64. Masauwu, God of the Earth (the Upper World). See Note 11.
65. The Water Serpent is generally referred to as Balulukong, but this particular serpent is always known as
Siwiyistiwa. Balulukkong appears in many Hopi legends. (See various stories in Voth, and Stephen, 1929,
No. 163.)
66. Tiponi. See Note 40.
67. The participants in a sacred ceremony are supposed to be in a "charmed" state. After the ceremony is
over they will be "discharmed" with a buzzard's feather used by a member of the Honani, or Badger Clan.
Ed.
68. Sotukeunangwi, the Heavenly God. He is all-powerful and it seems that he stands above all others.
Even Muiaingwa, the Germ God, cannot succeed without his help. (See Stephen, p. 5d.) See Note 7.
69. The brother and sister are always spoken of as Nasiwum. They are inseparable. Ed.
70. See Note 18.
71. The Nasiwum, discouraged, decide to return to Sotukeunangwi, and they disappeared forever. Ed.
72. It is said that Masauwu walks all around the edge of the world every night. He carries a great flaming
torch. One night some Hopi met him on his rounds and ever since then this Clan has been known as the
Fire Clan. It is Masauwu's own clan. E.N.
73. The Clans from Palotquopi. The original clan at Palotquopi was the Corn Clan. This had an allied clan,
the Rabbit Bush Clan. After the destruction by flood of Palotquopi this clan was re-named the Cloud Clan,
and is also called the Water Clan and nicknamed the Flood Clan. The Cloud Clan eventually split into two
other clans. As the people from Palotquopi were traveling northward the Chief and his two brothers
decided to have a test of their wisdom to see who could bring the people the greatest benefit, so they
performed their
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magic ceremonies and one brother of the Chief produced snow, so from that time on this brother with his
followers became known as the Snow Clan. After awhile some of these people made a settlement at Giants
Chair and here again the two brothers decided to try their strength and held another test and this time it was
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